Mineral Supply and Demand into the 21st Century
نویسنده
چکیده
become available, global mineral demand probably will focus on the same metals and minerals that are of interest today. Population will have a bigger effect on future mineral demand than the creation of new products and markets. Projections of future population range widely, depending on estimated fertility rates. For low fertility rates of 1.5 to 1.6 children per female, which are below the “replacement rate” of 2.1, world population is projected to increase from about 6 billion to about 7 billion people and then to decline after that, reaching the 1950s level of 2.5 billion in about 2150. If, on the other hand, global fertility rates remain at 2.5 to 2.6, world population will reach about 25 billion in 2150. For 2050, these two extremes would yield world populations of 7 billion or 11
منابع مشابه
Benchmarking Sustainability with Respect to Transportation Supply and Demand
This paper is an endeavor to quantify the concept of sustainable transportation. The prevailing idea in the context of sustainable development (SD) emphasizes on the reduction of transportation demand in order to reduce the environmental and social consequences of it. Nevertheless, in the current paper using a measure for SD, and based on the conformity of the growths of all sectors with transp...
متن کاملMedical Education in 21st-century
Medical education play an important role in health of people in 20st-century, but this system has to change overtime. Medical education must respond to not only the demand of community at larg but also to changing in new technologies. Medical education have been criticized in last two decades of 20st-century, because of producing too many specialists focus on treatment instead of health, insuf...
متن کاملA Security Effective Structure for National Defense in the 21st Century
In accordance with human necessities and deep attention into security, research studies have today became an irrefutable necessity in this area. It is noted that traditional concepts of this important issue have changed, as a result of occurring various events in the past, particularly in the 20th century; so that security is no more limited to protecting human beings against individual and col...
متن کاملFlexibility in 21st Century Power Systems
All power systems have some inherent level of flexibility— designed to balance supply and demand at all times. Variability and uncertainty are not new to power systems because loads change over time and in sometimes unpredictable ways, and conventional resources fail unexpectedly. Variable renewable energy supply, however, can make this balance harder to achieve. Both wind and solar generation ...
متن کاملCentral cities and housing supply: Growth and decline in US cities
Many older American cities lost population during the last three decades of the twentieth century, but while cities such as Boston or New York saw numbers of dwelling units remain stable or even increase, others such as Buffalo, St. Louis, Cleveland, Detroit, and Pittsburgh lost large fractions of their dwelling units. This study decomposes decadal population changes from 1970 through 2000 for ...
متن کامل